This second volume of The Clash of the Two Americas picks up the tale with a recapitulation of two opposing foreign policy doctrines that clashed to shape the USA’s character going into the young 20th century. Where the McKinley program hinged upon a re-activation of an anti-colonial tradition rooted in George Washington’s 1796 speech on avoiding foreign entanglements and John Quincy Adams’ formulation of the Munroe Doctrine, the opposing Anglo-American school chose to see America’s destiny inextricably linked to the British Empire as co-conquerors of darker skinned races of the world. Where one system is exemplified in the outlook of Colorado Governor William Gilpin, the other was represented by the Anglophile race patriot Alfred Thayer Mahan.
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