Anthropological Intelligence: The Deployment and Neglect of American Anthropology in the Second World War

Anthropological Intelligence: The Deployment and Neglect of American Anthropology in the Second World War
Author:
Series: Mind Control
Genre: Anthropology
Tags: CIA, OSS

In "Weaponizing Anthropology," author David Price explores how intelligence agencies, the CIA, NGOs, think tanks, and universities use anthropological research and ethnography as part of their foreign policy, subversion, counterinsurgency, and psychological warfare operations. The book ties in with the history of counterinsurgency guerrilla warfare, the rise of neoconservative policy, and the history of DARPA. Anthropologists were also often used as cover for espionage, and certain programs were created to recruit academics. The book raises ethical questions about the use of academics in warfare and the creation of soft power and dominance over the biosphere and human domain.

By the time the United States officially entered World War II, more than half of American anthropologists were using their professional knowledge and skills to advance the war effort. The range of their war-related work was extraordinary. They helped gather military intelligence, pinpointed possible social weaknesses in enemy nations, and contributed to the army’s regional Pocket Guide booklets. They worked for dozens of government agencies, including the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and the Office of War Information. At a moment when social scientists are once again being asked to assist in military and intelligence work, David H. Price examines anthropologists’ little-known contributions to the Second World War.

Anthropological Intelligence is based on interviews with anthropologists as well as extensive archival research involving many Freedom of Information Act requests. Price looks at the role played by the two primary U.S. anthropological organizations, the American Anthropological Association and the Society for Applied Anthropology (which was formed in 1941), in facilitating the application of anthropological methods to the problems of war. He chronicles specific projects undertaken on behalf of government agencies, including an analysis of the social effects of postwar migration, the design and implementation of OSS counterinsurgency campaigns, and the study of Japanese social structures to help tailor American propaganda efforts. Price discusses anthropologists’ work in internment camps, their collection of intelligence in Central and South America for the FBI’s Special Intelligence Service, and their help forming foreign language programs to assist soldiers and intelligence agents. Evaluating the ethical implications of anthropological contributions to World War II, Price suggests that by the time the Cold War began, the profession had set a dangerous precedent regarding what it would be willing to do on behalf of the U.S. government.

About the Book

Other Books in "Mind Control"
Look Inside
Disclosure of Material Connection: Some of the links in the page above are "affiliate links." This means if you click on the link and purchase the item, I will receive an affiliate commission. I am disclosing this in accordance with the Federal Trade Commission's 16 CFR, Part 255: "Guides Concerning the Use of Endorsements and Testimonials in Advertising."